Ni inyamaswa idasanzwe haba mu miterere y’umubiri wayo no mu miterere y’ubudahangarwa bwawo. Uretse kuba ari inyoni iguruka, agacurama gafite isura y’imbwa. Iyi nyamaswa ivanze gusa n’imbwa kandi ikaba n’inyoni ikunze kuba ahantu hataba amajwi menshi kandi hari umwijima.
Ikindi ni uko igenda mu ijoro cyangwa butangiye kugoroba. Uducurama bugira ubugenge butuma dushobora kumenya aho tujya kandi tutareba.
Dukoresha amajwi twohereza akagera ku kintu cyangwa ahantu runaka, akagarukira ubwonko bwatwo hanyuma bukamenya intera iri hagati aho k’uburyo tudashobora kugonga ikintu runaka.
Ni uburyo bwo kugenda cyangwa gutumanaho bite ‘echo-location’
Umubiri w’agacurama ufite ubushobozi bwo kuba indiri ya za virusi nyinshi kandi zikomeye.
Iyo urebye ubwinshi n’ubukana bwa ziriya virusi uhita ubona ko umubiri w’agacurama ari umutamenwa k’uburyo na virusi yazanye COVID-19 mu bantu ntacyo yagatwara.
Abashakashatsi bo mu Busuwisi baherutse kuvumbura ko muri kiriya gihugu hari uducurama tubana na virusi zikomeye cyane zishobora gutera abantu indwara bita MERS, iyi kandi nta rukingo rwayo ruraboneka.
Ubushobozi uducurama tugira bwo gucumbikira za virusi buba mu ntimatima y’uturemangingo twazo bita genome.
Uducurama two mu moko 18 tuba mu Busuwisi abahanga basanze ducumbikiye amoko 39 ya za virusi kandi igiteye impungenge ni uko ibipimo abahanga bafashe byerekana ko zimwe muri zo hari ibyago byinshi ko zazagera mu bantu.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’abahanga bo muri Kaminuza ya Zurich twavuze haruguru buvuga ko batangiye gusuzuma amaraso ya turiya ducurama guhera mu mwaka 2015 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2020.
Ibyo babonye babitangaje mu kinyamakuru kitwa PLOS ONE.
Ni inyamaswa idasanzwe haba mu miterere y’umubiri wayo no mu miterere y’ubudahangarwa bwawo. Uretse kuba ari inyoni iguruka, agacurama gafite isura y’imbwa. Iyi nyamaswa ivanze gusa n’imbwa kandi ikaba n’inyoni ikunze kuba ahantu hataba amajwi menshi kandi hari umwijima.
Ikindi ni uko igenda mu ijoro cyangwa butangiye kugoroba. Uducurama bugira ubugenge butuma dushobora kumenya aho tujya kandi tutareba.
Dukoresha amajwi twohereza akagera ku kintu cyangwa ahantu runaka, akagarukira ubwonko bwatwo hanyuma bukamenya intera iri hagati aho k’uburyo tudashobora kugonga ikintu runaka.
Ni uburyo bwo kugenda cyangwa gutumanaho bite ‘echo-location’
Umubiri w’agacurama ufite ubushobozi bwo kuba indiri ya za virusi nyinshi kandi zikomeye.
Iyo urebye ubwinshi n’ubukana bwa ziriya virusi uhita ubona ko umubiri w’agacurama ari umutamenwa k’uburyo na virusi yazanye COVID-19 mu bantu ntacyo yagatwara.
Abashakashatsi bo mu Busuwisi baherutse kuvumbura ko muri kiriya gihugu hari uducurama tubana na virusi zikomeye cyane zishobora gutera abantu indwara bita MERS, iyi kandi nta rukingo rwayo ruraboneka.
Ubushobozi uducurama tugira bwo gucumbikira za virusi buba mu ntimatima y’uturemangingo twazo bita genome.
Uducurama two mu moko 18 tuba mu Busuwisi abahanga basanze ducumbikiye amoko 39 ya za virusi kandi igiteye impungenge ni uko ibipimo abahanga bafashe byerekana ko zimwe muri zo hari ibyago byinshi ko zazagera mu bantu.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’abahanga bo muri Kaminuza ya Zurich twavuze haruguru buvuga ko batangiye gusuzuma amaraso ya turiya ducurama guhera mu mwaka 2015 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2020.
Ibyo babonye babitangaje mu kinyamakuru kitwa PLOS ONE.
Abahanga bahangayikishijwe n’uducurama. Uyu yitwa Rachel Page akorera Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute kiga imyitwarire y’inyamaswa. Umwihariko we ni ukwiga uducurama.
Zimwe muri ziriya virusi ziri mu bwoko bwitwa Zoonotic, bivuze ko zifite ubushobozi bwo kuva mu nyamaswa zigafata abantu.
Ikindi abahanga babonye ni uko zimwe muri ziriya virusi zifite ubushobozi bwo kuba zagera mu nyamaswa abantu bahiga cyangwa boroye nazo zikabanduza.
Ibipimo bariya bahanga bafashe, byafatiwe kuri zimwe mu ngingo za turiya ducurama n’ibyo twitumye.
Zimwe muri virusi basanze muri turiya ducurama ni izitwa adenoviruses, izi zikaba ari virusi mbi ku bantu kuko iyo zibagezemo zibatera indwara ifite ibimenyetso birimo kugira amaso y’iroza( pink eye), umusonga na mugiga.
Izindi virusi ni izitwa rotaviruses, izi zikaba zizizwi ho gutera impiswi ndetse na virus zitwa coronaviruses ari nazo zakomotsemo COVID-19.
Hari raporo yasohotse muri 2013 yiswe ‘2013 Live Science Report‘ yavuze ko uducurama ducumbikiye amoko arenga 60 ya virusi kandi ko 80% yazo ashobora kwanduza umuntu indwara.
Abashakashatsi bo muri Kaminuza ya Zurich twavuze haruguru, babonye ko muri twa ducurama bamaze iminsi biga hari uducumbikiye indwara bita the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome mu magambo ahinnye bita MERS-CoV.
Ikibabaje ni uko kugeza ubu nta rukingo rwayo rurakorwa.
Yigeze kwaduka muri Arabie Saoudite, icyo gihe hari mu mwaka wa 2012.
Ni indwara yandura vuba kandi yica 35% by’abo yafashe.
Icyo gihe abaganga bo mu Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe ubuzima bavuze ko iriya virusi yageze mu bantu bayandujwe n’ingamiya nazo zayandujwe n’uducurama.
Uko bimeze kose, agacurama ni inyamaswa abantu bagomba kwitondera kuko aho iri hose iba icumbikiye ibinyabuzima biteje akaga abantu.
