Ku wa Mbere, Umunyamabanga wa Leta ya Amerika ushinzwe Imari muri Amerika, Scott Bessent, yatangaje gahunda nshya ikomeye igamije kurushaho guheza Iran mu bukungu n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga.
Yaburiye za Guverinoma n’ibigo by’amahanga ko bishobora gutakaza uburenganzira bwo gukoresha gahunda y’imari ya Amerika, nibikomeza gukorana mu bucuruzi na Tehran.
Bessent yise iyi gahunda “Operation Economic Outcast”, ariko ntiyahise afatira ibihano ibigo by’imari byo mu Bushinwa no mu bindi bihugu bifasha Iran gucuruza peteroli n’ibindi bicuruzwa.
Ahubwo Bessent yatanze icyo yise “warning shot”, ni ukuvuga umuburo ukomeye ubanziriza igikorwa nyiri izina cyo gukomanyiriza Iran mu buryo bukomeye mu by’’ubukungu.
Yabwiye ibihugu byo ku isi ko bigomba gushyigikira umugambi wa Leta ya Trump wo gushyira Iran mu kato mu by’ubukungu, cyangwa bigahura n’ingaruka zikomeye ku rwego rw’imari.
Mu minsi yari yabanje, Bessent n’ubuyobozi bwa Trump bari bamaze iminsi batangaza ko bagiye kongera cyane igitutu cy’ubukungu kuri Tehran.
Bessent yari yaragereranyije icyo gikorwa n’icyo Abanyamerika bita ’“economic D-Day”, ashaka kuvuga igikorwa kinini kandi gikomeye kigamije guhindura ibintu mu buryo bwihuse.
Mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru ku wa Mbere, yabajijwe impamvu Amerika itahise ifatira ibihano ibyo bigo by’imari, asubiza ko Amerika ishaka guha ibihugu igihe cyo gukosora imyitwarire yabyo no kubahiriza ibyo bisabwa.
Yavuze ko icyo gihe cyo kubahiriza ibyo bisabwa “cyatangiye kubarwa.”
Avuga ko icyo Amerika iri gukora ari uguha buri wese amahirwe yo gukosora imyitwarire mibi.
Bessent yavuze ko Ibiro ayobora biteganya gufatira ibihano ikigo cy’imari cyo mu mahanga kizaba kigikorana na Iran kugeza mu mpera z’iki cyumweru.
Ibice by’ubukungu bwa Iran bigiye kwibasirwa
Minisiteri y’Imari ya Amerika yongereye ubushobozi bwo gufatira ibihano ibigo by’amahanga bikorera muri Iran cyangwa bifasha ibikorwa byo mu byiciro bitanu by’ubukungu bw’icyo gihugu:
Ibyo byiciro ni:
-Amafaranga yo mu ikoranabuhanga (digital assets),
-Ikoranabuhanga,
-Zahabu,
-Ubwikorezi bwo mu ndege,
-Ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja.
Ibiro bya Bessent kandi byafatiye ibihano bishya abantu n’ibigo byinshi bifitanye isano na Iran, ndetse bihagarika uburenganzira bwari busanzwe butuma hari amafaranga yoherezwa muri Iran binyuze mubyo bita ‘remittances’.
Yanahagaritse n’uburenganzira bwatumaga Abanya Iran bakomeza kubona serivisi zimwe na zimwe za kaminuza n’ibigo by’umuco n’uburezi byo muri Amerika.
Bessent yavuze ko Perezida Donald Trump ari guhamagara abayobozi b’ibihugu bitandukanye, abasaba mu buryo bwihariye kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika imikoranire n’ubukungu na Tehran.
Yongeyeho ko abayobozi bo muri biriya biro, Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga ndetse na Minisiteri y’ingabo bari kuvugana na bagenzi babo bo mu bindi bihugu, babasaba “igikorwa cyihuse” cyo guhagarika imikoranire y’ubukungu na Tehran.
Bessent yavuze ko buri gihugu cyahawe igihe ntarengwa cyo guhagarika ibikorwa runaka gifitanye isano na Iran byagaragajwe na Amerika, ariko yanga kuvuga neza ibyo bihugu cyangwa igihe nyirizina byahawe.
Ubushinwa ni cyo kibazo gikomeye
Iyi gahunda nshya ishobora kongera cyane umwuka mubi hagati ya Amerika n’Ubushinwa, kuko Ubushinwa ari bwo bugura igice kinini cya peteroli ya Iran.
Amerika yari isanzwe yarafatiye ibihano inganda nto zo mu Bushinwa zitunganya peteroli, ibigo bitwara ibintu ndetse n’imiyoboro y’imari byashinjwaga gufasha Iran kugurisha peteroli.
Ariko gufatira ibihano amabanki manini cyangwa ibigo bikomeye byo mu Bushinwa bifasha mu bucuruzi bufitanye isano na Iran bishobora gutuma Beijing na yo ifata ingamba zo kwihorera, cyane cyane mu gihe Trump ateganya ibiganiro na Perezida w’Ubushinwa Xi Jinping.
Bessent yabajijwe niba Amerika izafatira ibihano amabanki y’Abashinwa asubiza ko nta munt uku isi uri hejuru y’ububasha n’ibihano bya Amerika.
Ubushinwa bufasha Iran gukomeza kubona amafaranga binyuze mu kugura hafi 90% bya peteroli Iran yohereza hanze, cyane cyane hakoreshejwe ubwato butandukanye buzwi nka “shadow fleet”.
Iyo peteroli ijyanwa no mu nganda nto zo mu Bushinwa zitunganya peteroli zizwi nka “teapot refineries.”
Abasesenguzi bashidikanya ku ngaruka z’iyi gahunda
Ali Vaez, umuyobozi ushinzwe ibibera muri Iran mu kigo International Crisis Group akaba yaragize uruhare mu biganiro byagejeje ku masezerano ya kirimbuzi ya Iran yo mu 2015, yavuze ko itangazo rya Bessent ubwaryo ridahagije.
POLITICO yanditse ko hari undi muntu uzi ibibera muri Amerika wavuze ko iyi gahunda ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye niba Amerika izaziyishyira mu bikorwa koko, ariko ko kudakemura ikibazo cy’Ubushinwa biha Iran inzira yo gukomeza kubona amafaranga.
Kuki Amerika yitwararika cyane ku Bushinwa?
Kuba Bessent yaririnze kuvuga cyane ku Bushinwa mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru, nubwo yari abajijwe inshuro nyinshi niba ibihano bizagera kuri Beijing, bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n’inama Trump ateganya kugirana na Xi Jinping mu kwezi gutaha.
Amerika ishaka kongera ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi yohereza mu Bushinwa, mu gihe nayo ishaka kwirinda ko Ubushinwa buhagarika cyangwa bugabanya itangwa ry’amabuye y’agaciro adasanzwe bita ‘rare earths’ akoreshwa mu nganda zikora intwaro, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, kwa mu muganga no mu zindi nzego.
Umusesenguzi Craig Singleton yavuze ko Beijing ishobora kuba yizeye ko Washington itazashyira ibihano bikomeye ku bigo binini by’Abashinwa mbere y’inama ya Trump na Xi, kuko Amerika ishobora gutinya ko ibyo byahungabanya imibanire yabo.
Uburayi na bwo burahangayitse
Abadipolomate b’Abanyaburayi bagaragaje impungenge ku buryo iyi gahunda nshya izagenda.
Umwe muri ba Ambasaderi b’Abanyaburayi yavuze ko ikibazo ari uko ubutegetsi bwa Iran bushobora gusubiza mu buryo bukomeye, bigatuma ikibazo kirushaho kuba kibi.
Yavuze ko niba ubutegetsi bwa Iran bwumva ko bushyizwe mu mfuruka kandi nta yandi mahitamo bufite, bishobora kuba ikibazo cy’ubuzima cyangwa urupfu ku Ngabo z’Impinduramatwara ya Iran.
Undi mudipolomate mukuru w’Umunyaburayi yavuze ko ikibazo ari ukumenya igihe ibihano bishya bizatangira kugira ingaruka n’icyo Trump ashaka ko bigeraho.
Gahunda z’ibihano nk’izi akenshi zisaba igihe kugira ngo zitange umusaruro, bityo bishobora kudahita bigenda vuba nk’uko Perezida Trump abyifuza.
