Barabivuga ababyumvise bakagira ngo ni amashyengo y’abahanga mu by’ubuzima baba bashaka gukora raparo ngo birire amadolari. N’ubwo hari abantu bavuga ko iby’uko ibinyabuzima biri gushira ku isi, abandi bakabita ba rusahurira mu nduru, raporo yitwa Living Planet y’umwaka wa 2022 irerekana ko abantu bagiye kurimbura ibindi binyabuzima, bakazasigara ku isi bonyine!
Icyakora iyo ubirebye usanga umuntu nasigara ku isi wenyine cyangwa se wenda agasigarana n’ibinyabuzuma bike bizarokoka, nta kintu kinini bizamumarira.
Azicwa n’inzara, arware indwara ziterwa n’imibu ndetse n’umubiri we usigare udafite ubudahangarwa buhagije bwatuma ubaho igihe kirekire.
Imibare yatangajwe n’ikigo kitwa Zoological Society of London (ZSL), ivuga ko guhera mu mwaka wa 1970 kugeza ubu inyamaswa zifite urutirigongo( vertables) zagabanutseho 69%.
Izo ni inyoni, ibikururanda, inyamabere, ndetse n’ibiba mu mazi.
Ibyibasiwe cyane ni ibyo muri Amerika yo mu Majyepfo no mu bice bya Caribbean kuko byagabanutse ku gipimo cya 94%.
Ibiba mu mazi byo byagabanutse ku gipimo cya 83% ugereranyije.
Zimwe mu mpamvu abahanga batanga zituma ibindi binyabuzima bigiye gucika burundu ku isi ni umururumba w’abantu batanyurwa ahubwo bahora bashaka kwagura aho batura, aho bubaka ibikorwaremezo n’ibindi.
Ikindi kibitera ni indwara zifata ibihingwa, zigatuma bimwe bibura aho bikurira, hejuru yabyo hakiyongeraho ingaruka zituruka ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Ntabwo inyokomuntu izabaho ngo ibindi binyabuzima birimbuke hanyuma yo yumve ko izamara igihe igihumeka!
Ni ibyemezwa n’umwe mu bahanga mu binyabuzima witwa Rebecca Shaw.
Kugira ngo ubwoko runaka bw’ibinyabuzima bucike, biterwa n’uko buba budafite ibiribwa, amazi, umwuka n’ubutaka cyangwa amazi bihagije byo guturaho no kororokeraho.
Uko ibyo byose bigabanuka, niko cya kinyabuzima n’ibigikomokaho bibura ibyangombwa bibitunga bigatangira kurimbuka gahoro gahoro.
Abanyarwanda barabizi ko intare zigeze gushira mu Rwanda kubera ko abantu bazishe banga ko zibarira inka kandi ari bo bazisanze mu cyanya cyazo.
Raporo ya Living Planet 2022 isohotse mu gihe habura igihe gito ngo mu Misiri hateranire inama mpuzamahanga uko isi yashyira imbaraga mu kurinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima isigaranye.
Ni inama yiswe 15th Conference of Parties to the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD COP15), izaba mu Ukuboza, 2022.
Raporo The Living Planet Index ikubiyemo ibipimo by’ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku moko 32,000 y’ibinyabuzima( inyamaswa n’ibimera), aya moko akaba yariyongereyeho agera 838 ugereranyije n’ayakoreweho ubushakashatsi mu mwaka wa 2020 yageraga ku 11,000.
Kutita ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bizashonjesha isi…
Umuyobozi w’Umuryango mpuzamahanga urengera ibidukikije IUCN, Bruno Oberle yigeze kubwira abitabiriye Inama ya nyuma mu zari zimaze iminsi zikorwa mu rwego rwo kwigira hamwe uko urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rwabungwabungwa, ko 50% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’isi uturuka ku bikorwa bifite aho bihuguye n’ibinyabuzima.
Yunzemo ko ikibabaje ari uko igice kinini cy’uru urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ndetse n’’ibyanya bikomye bibarizwa muri Afurika ariko hakaba ari ho hashyirwa amafaranga make mu kurengera ibinyabuzima.
Yavuze kandi ko hari ibihugu bikesha igice kinini cy’umusaruro mbumbe wabyo amafaranga aturuka mu byanya bikomye.
Icyo gice ngo kigera kuri 60%.
Bruno Oberle yagize ati: “ Ubwo rero namwe murumva ko hari impamvu nyinshi zagombye gutuma ibihugu bishyira amafaranga menshi mu kurengera ibidukikije kubera ko bifitiye inyungu abaturage babyo.”
Dr Jeanne D’Arc Mujawamariya usanzwe ari Minisitiri w’ibidukikije mu Rwanda yabwiye abari bamuteze amatwi ko kuba u Rwanda rwarakiriye inama yari yabahuje ngo bige k’ukurengera ibidukikije byerekanaga ko hari ibyo rwakoze isi yishimira.
Avuga ko abaturage b’Afurika baboneye muri iriya nama uburyo bwo guhuza imbaraga kugira ngo bashobore kunganirana kuko ‘ibibazo by’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo muri Afurika biri muri Afurika.’
Yanzuye avuga ko n’ibisubizo byo kubungabunga biriya binyabuzima nabyo biri muri Afurika.
Uburenganzira Bw’Ibidukikije
Abantu bibwira ko ari bo bayobozi b’ibindi biremwa kandi ko bagomba kubikoresha uko bashaka mu nyungu zabo bwite. Ibi ariko siko bimeze kuko hari amabwiriza yatanzwe n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye asobanura neza ko n’ibidukikije bifite uburenganzira bugomba kubahirizwa.
Muri iki gihe aho abantu bugarijwe n’ibyorezo akenshi bituruka ku nyamaswa, hari abumva ko inyamaswa zitagombye guhabwa agaciro cyane.
Aba biganjemo abafite ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi kuko bo bumva ko icyakorwa cyose bakinjiza amafaranga ntacyo cyaba gitwaye.
Iyi myumvire ituma birara mu mashyamba bagatema, bagakora uburobyi budashyize mu gaciro kandi bakangiza imiterere kamere y’ubutaka binyuze mu buhinzi bukoresha inyongera musaruro zica ibindi binyabuzima.
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe kwita ku bidukikije rivuga ko abantu bose bafite uburenganzira bwo kuba ahantu hafite umwuka mwiza, amazi meza kandi hadashyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga.
Kuba hadashyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga bikubiyemo no kuba nta binyabutabire bahumeka cyangwa barya biturutse ahantu hatandukanye.
Ibi ariko siko bigenda ahenshi ku isi.
Mu bihugu bikize ndetse no bikennye bimwe na bimwe hari ahantu henshi abantu babayeho mu buryo butuma bahumeka imyuka yanduye cyangwa banywa amazi yanduye.
Ibi bituma umubare w’abapfa bazize ingaruka zituruka k’uguhumeka umwuka mubi ukomeza kuba munini.
Izo ngaruka zirimo no kurwara za cancer.
Igiteye impungenge kurushaho, ni uko amahanga adaha agaciro umuburo ahabwa w’uko ibyuka byanduye bihumanya kandi bikica abaturage benshi.
Iyo urebye ukuntu Isi yahagurukiye kurwanya COVID-19 ariko ikaba igiseta ibirenge mu kubungabunga ibidukikije bituma bari bamwe bavuga ko abayituye bari gutema ishami ry’igiti bicariye.
Bwana Arnold Kreilhuber ukora mu ishami rya UN ryishinzwe kwita ku bidukikije ryitwa The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) yigeze kugira ati: “Iyo uburenganzira bw’ibidukikije bwubahirijwe, bituma abatuye Isi badashobora guhangana n’ibibazo by’ingutu bibugarije birimo imihindagurikire y’ikirere, kwangirika k’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, no kwangirika bw’ibindi bituye isi.”
Avuga ko abantu bagiye birinda gukora ibikorwa bibateza imbere ariko bikangiza ubuturo bw’ibidukikije aribwo bazagera ku iterambere rirambye.
Undi muhanga witwa Ben Schachter avuga ko abayobozi b’isi bagombye kwibuka ko abaturage babo bafite uburenganzira bwo kumenya icyo amategeko avuga ku kubungabunga ibidukikije bityo ntibabyangize nkana.
Amakuru n’ubumenyi ni ingenzi muri iki gihe kandi bigomba kugera ku baturage bose, bitabahenze.
Muri 2011 nibwo Inama y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu yateranye bwa mbere yemeza ingingo zirimo no kurengera ibidukikije.
Muri Werurwe, 2021 nibwo hemejwe inshingano Leta zifite mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije bikaba byaranzuwe mu mwanzuro wiswe Resolution 46/L.6/Rev.1.
