Ubugari bw’imyumbati ni kimwe mu biribwa Abanyarwanda bitabazaga iyo ibijumba n’ibishyimbo byabaga biri kurangira mu mifuka.
Ni igihingwa cyari cyaramamaye by’umwihariko mu gace k’Amayaga no mu Burasirazuba bushyira Amajyepfo y’u Rwanda cyane cyane mu Bugesera.
Mu nzara bitaga ‘gashogoro’ ikurikira isarura na mbere y’uko indi myaka yera, ubugari nibwo bwatabaraga abagize urugo.
Bayitaga batyo bashingiye k’ugusoroma umushogoro wo kurisha ubugari bw’imyumbati cyangwa umutsima w’amasaka bita ‘rucakarara’.
Icyakora, abahinzi b’imyumbati n’abari basanzwe barya ubugari muri iki gihe bavuga ko ifu yabwo itakiboneka bitewe n’impamvu zinyuranye.
Umwe mu baturage bo muri Nyamagabe witwa Etienne Nzaramba yabwiye Taarifa Rwanda imwe mu mpamvu yabiteye.
Ati: “Indwara y’imyumbati yatumye ubwoko bwayo bweraga ino, bugenda bucika gahoro gahoro.”
Nzaramba avuga ko hari igihe basabwe guhinga imyumbati kugira ngo bayeze ari myinshi, basagurire n’uruganda rwa Kinazi ruri mu Ruhango, ariko biza kwanga kuko imyumbati yajemo kabore.
Kabore ni indwara iterwa na virusi yibasira imyumbati.
Uretse indwara, ikindi cyatumye ifu y’ubugari igabanuka ni uko- nko muri Nyamagabe mu gace ka Kigeme- imyumbati yari busekurwe ikavanwamo ifu hari benshi bayirwa bayigeretse ku bishyimbo.
Hari n’uwatubwiye ko no muri Rwamagana ari uko bigenda.
Abatuye muri aka gace bafata imyumbati bakayiharura, barangiza bakayigereka ku bishyimbo, ikabirirwa bakaza kuyirwa imeze neza bayimanuza akagwa cyangwa amata ku boroye inka.
Ibi bigabanya ubwinshi bw’imyumbati yinikwa, ikazinurwa, ikanikwa mbere yo gusekurwa cyangwa gusheshwa mo ifu y’ubugari.
Ikindi ni uko abenshi mu bahinga, yaba imyumbati cyangwa ibindi bihingwa, ari abantu wavuga ko bakuze kandi bo ntibahinga ahantu hagari.
Ubuke bw’imyumbati rero butuma ubugari bw’ifu abantu bahaha ari bwo buribwa kenshi kurusha ubw’ifu y’imyumbati biyinikiriye bakayisekura mu isekuru.
Ubwo buke kandi bwatumye ifu ihenda kuko mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo ahenshi ikilo kimwe kigura hagati ya Frw 700 na Frw 800, bigatuma abaturage birira ibirayi.
Impamvu ituma imyumbati ikundwa mu Majyepfo no mu Burasirazuba ahanini ni uko hashyuha, bigatuma ihera neza.
Ni kimwe n’uko ibirayi n’imboga bikunda Amajyaruguru, urutoki rugakunda Uburasirazuba bwegereye ibiyaga mu Turere twa Ngoma, Kirehe, Rwamagana na Bugesera.
Rafiki wo mu Murenge wa Gashora mu Karere ka Bugesera avuga ko uretse n’uko imyumbati iri gucika, n’imboga zo kurisha ubugari nazo ziri gucyendera.
Bitewe n’uko imvura isigaye igwa nabi, kweza inyabutongo n’inyanya zo gukora isosi ntibigipfa gushoboka.
Ni bangahe baheruka kubona ahantu imboga zimejeje?
Rafiki ati: “N’uturima tw’igikoni dusa n’utwacitse. Ubwo bugari se ubugari waburisha iki ko n’inyanya cyangwa imbwija zitakera?”
Indi ngingo avuga ni iy’uko hari imiryango myinshi ifite abana benshi ku buryo utabona ubugari bubahagije.
Ibi bituma ku miryango imwe n’imwe, ubugari butagitegurwa kenshi nk’uko byahoze, cyane cyane iyo umusaruro w’imyumbati wagabanutse kandi n’ibindi biribwa bisanzwe biboneka hafi y’urugo bikaba byarazamutse mu giciro.
Ku bakunda ubugari bw’imyumbati, ikibazo ntikiri k’ukubura gusa icyo kuburisha ahubwo n’ifu ubwayo iri kugenda iba nke kandi ihenze.
Ingaruka ziba iz’uko abaturage bahitamo kurya ibindi birimo ibirayi n’umuceri cyane cyane ko wo ubikika.
Umutoni atuye mu Murenge wa Muyumbu mu Karere ka Rwamagana avuga ko aho atuye ikilo cy’ubugari kigura hagati ya Frw 1000 na Frw 800.
Mu gihe ifu yabwo igura ityo, ibirayi byo bigura Frw700 bigatuma abaturage bahitamo kugura ibirayi kuko bagira n’iryo jana basagura.
Umwe mu bakozi ba Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi utashatse ko amazina ye atangazwa avuga ko uruganda rwa Kinazi rwatumye imyumbati abaturage basekuraga bakayitunganyamo ubugari isigaye ijyanwa kuri urwo ruganda igakorwamo ifu igurishwa imbere mu gihugu, indi ikoherezwa hanze.
RAB mu ngamba zo guca kabore mu myumbati
Dr. Mbituyumuremyi Athanase ushinzwe ubushakashatsi ku myubati muri RAB yabwiye Taarifa Rwanda ko kuba hari abatakirya ubugari bakabusimbuza umuceri cyangwa ikindi, ubwabyo atari bibi.
N’ubundi kandi hari indirimbo igira iti: ‘kurya imvange ni ingenzi, mba mbaroga!’
Avuga ko ubuke bw’imyumbati bushobora guterwa n’uko umusaruro wabaye muke, cyangwa se ukaba mwinshi ariko abarya imyumbati bakagabanuka.
Icy’ingenzi, kuri we, ni uko ibyo kurya biba bihari, hanyuma guhenda cyangwa guhenduka bikagenwa n’uko ku isoko byifashe.
Mbituyumuremyi avuga ko muri RAB-Rubona( ni muri Huye) hamaze igihe hakorerwa ubushakashatsi bwo gukora imbuto zihangana na kabore.
Ubusanzwe, imyumbati ni igihingwa kiribwa imizi yacyo.
Siyo gusa iribwa kuko n’ibibabi hari ubwo biribwa mo isombe.
Igira igiti gito gifite amashami mato yeraho amababi afite uduce twinshi twitandukanyije dusa n’intoki z’ikiganza.
Imizi ni yo yera imyumbati iribwa; iba munsi y’ubutaka ikagira ibintu bibyimbye ari nabyo biribwa.
Iyo imizi yeze, iracukurwa, igatunganywa, ikaribwa ari mibisi, yokeje, igeretse ku bishyimbo, itetswe ukwayo, ikozwemo utuntu tumeze nk’amandazi hamwe na hamwe mu Rwanda bita ‘utubanjiya’, ‘bwende bupfe’ cyangwa igasekurwa ikavamo ifu y’ubugari.
Imyumbati ikunda ubushyuhe, kandi ishobora kwihanganira amapfa kurusha ibihingwa bimwe na bimwe ari yo mpamvu ikunze guhingwa mu bice bishyuha.
Dr. Athanase Mbituyumuremyi avuga ko ubugari bwayo butera ubushyuhe mu mubiri kubera ibitera imbaraga buyibamo.
Amateka avuga ko imyumbati (cassava) yatangiye guhingwa kera cyane muri Amerika y’Epfo, cyane cyane mu gace gaturiye ishyamba rya Amazone rikora kuri Brazil, Peru, Equateur, Suriname, Guyana, Colombia na Venezuela.
Abahanga mu byataburuwe mu matongo ya kera bavuga ko basanze imyumbati yaratangiye guhingwa mu myaka iri hagati ya 8,000 na 10,000 yatambutse.
Ubushakashatsi bwo mu mwaka wa 2022 bwerekana ko igihugu cya mbere cyeza imyumbati ku isi ari Nigeria kuko icyo gihe yejeje toni miliyoni 60.8 ni ukuvuga 18% by’umusaruro wose weze icyo gihe kuko wari toni miliyoni 330, igakurikirwa na Repubulika ya Demukarasi ya Congo yejeje toni miliyoni 48.8.
